We also discuss the plausible mechanisms of action for the cardiovascular beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the clinical trial evidence for the use of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and for the prevention of heart failure in patients with diabetes who are at high risk of cardiovascular events. Recent studies have shown that these drugs also could be used in patients to treat heart failure or to slow the progression of renal failure, irrespective of whether the patients have diabetes or not. Initial studies showed that apart from reducing blood glucose they also reduce the combined endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death, hospitalization from heart failure, and occurrence of renal failure in patients with known cardiovascular disease or at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Sodium – glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce blood glucose by inhibiting reabsorption of glucose from the proximal renal tubules.
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